2c- B

Тема в розділі 'Psychodelics', створена користувачем Charles Darwin, 02.05.2014.

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    Charles Darwin

    Charles Darwin Guest

    2C-Bor2,5-
    -4-
    is a
    of the
    . It was first synthesized by
    in 1974. In Shulgin's book
    , the dosage range is listed as 16–24 mg. 2C-B is sold as a white powder sometimes pressed in tablets or gel caps and is referred to on the street as 'Rusko', 'Spectrum', 'Venus', 'B's', 'CB's', or 'Nexus'. The drug is usually taken orally, but can also be
    or vaporized.

    History

    2C-B was synthesized from
    by
    in 1974. It first saw use among the psychiatric community as an aid during therapy. It was considered one of the best drugs for this purpose because of its short duration, relative absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature. Shortly after becoming popular in the medical community, it became popular recreationally. 2C-B was first sold commercially as an
    under the trade name "Eros", which was manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company
    . For several years, it was available as tablets in Dutch
    under the name "Nexus".

    Internationally, 2C-B is a
    under the
    . In the Netherlands, 2C-B became a list I substance of the Opium Law despite no health incidents occurring. Following the ban other phenethylamines were sold in place of 2C-B until The Netherlands became the first country in the world to ban 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 alongside 2C-B.

    In the
    , a notice of proposed rulemaking published on December 20, 1994 in the
    and after a review of relevant data, the Deputy Administrator of the
    (DEA) proposed to place 4-
    -
    into
    , making 2C-B illegal in the United States. This became permanent law on July 2, 1995.

    Patterns of use

    2C-B first became popularized in the United States as a short-lived legal substitute for the street drug Ecstasy when
    became illegal in 1985. Many 2C-B users are young adults who attend
    . Though 2C-B is still used in the
    subculture, commonly mistaken for and/or sold as Ecstasy, its intentional use has become more common. In recent years, 2C-B has emerged as the drug of choice for club drug users in Colombia.

    Street prices range between $10–30 per tablet in the United States when bought in small quantities. Larger retail purchases cost between $200 and $500 per gram. Wholesale purchases of 2C-B can lower the price to a range of $100 to $300 per gram.

    Toxicity and dosage

    The September 1998Journal of Analytical Toxicologyreported that very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-B. The relationship between its use and Dead are unknown. The common oral recreational dose is around 15–25 mg, at which visual and auditory effects are experienced. Severe adverse reactions are extremely rare, but use of 2C-B has been linked to significant injury in one case where the dosage is unknown, and the purity/identity of the chemical was not verified.

    Oral Dosage
    10 mg
    Moderate
    15–20 mg

    Strong
    21–35 mg

    Extremely Intense
    >35 mg


    Unknown

    Duration
    2-7 Hours

    Insufflated (Snorted) Dosage
    ED507–10 mg
    Moderate
    13–19 mg

    Strong
    20–30 mg

    Extremely Intense
    >31 mg

    Duration
    2-5 Hours

    The lethal dosage is unknown.
    reported a 100 mg oral dose taken without apparent harm.

    When sold as "Ecstasy", tablets containing 2C-B often contain about 5 mg of the drug, an amount which produces stimulatory effects that mimic the effects of MDMA; in contrast, tablets marketed as 2C-B have larger quantities of the drug (10–20 mg) which cause hallucinogenic effects. Street purity of 2C-B, when tested, has been found to be relatively high. Researchers in Spain found that 2C-B samples in the country doubled between 2006 and 2009, switched from primarily powder form to tablets, and exhibited "low falsification rates". An analysis of street samples in the Netherlands found impurities "in small percentages"; only one of the impurities, the N-acetyl derivative of 2C-B, could be identified and comprised 1.3% of the sample. The authors suggested that this compound was a by-product of 2C-B synthesis.

    Effects



    2C-B pill with Love logo.
    Little or no academic research has been conducted on the effects of 2C-B in humans. The information available is largely anecdotal and limited. Effects are often described as being more easily managed than other psychedelics; it is often compared to a mixture of a
    and
    .

    The effects of 2C-B include:

    • At 5–10 mg, experiments with young chickens have shown it to produce effects similar to a low dosage of Амфs. At low doses the experience may shift in intensity from engaging to mild/undetectable. Experienced users report the ability to take control of the effects and switch from engaged to sober at will.
    • The hallucinations have a tendency to decrease and then increase in intensity, giving the users a sense of “waves” or even glowing. These are popularly described as “clichéd ’70s visuals” or objects taking on "water color" like textures.
    • While the effects of the drug often render users unable to concentrate deeply on anything in particular, some can become engrossed in an activity such as watching a movie or playing a video game, distracting themselves from the visual and auditory effects of the drug.
    • Excessive giggling or smiling is common, as is a tendency for deeper “belly laughs”.
    • Some users say that the effects are more intense when listening to music and report that they can see sounds and noises.
    • Some users experience a decrease in visual acuity, although others report sharper vision.
    • Increased awareness of one’s body; attention may be brought to perceived ‘imperfections’ or internal body processes.
    The following effects are highly dose-dependent.

    • Open eye visuals (OEVs), such as cartoon-like disTortions and red or green halos around objects. Closed eye visuals (CEVs) are more common than OEVs.
    • Affects and alters ability to communicate, engage in deep thought, or maintain attention span.
    • Some users report experiencing frightening or fearful effects during the experience. Users describe feeling frigid or cold on reaching a plateau, while others feel wrapped in comfortable blankets/ultimate pleasure.
    • Coordination may be affected, some users lose balance or have perceptual distinction problems.
    Use as an aphrodisiac

    Before it was scheduled, 2C-B was sold in small doses as an aphrodisiac (see
    ). Some users report
    effects at lower doses (5–10 mg) but consider the hallucinations a “turn-off” or distracting at higher dosages (greater than 15 mg).

    Side effects
    Duration

    When orally consumed, 2C-B has a much longer delay before the onset of effects than when it is insufflated. Oral ingestion generally takes roughly 45–75 minutes for the effects to be felt, plateau lasts 2–4 hours and coming down lasts 1–2 hours. Rectal administration ('plugged') onset varies from 5–20 minutes. Insufflated onset takes 1–10 minutes for effects to be felt. The duration can last from 4 to 12 hours depending on ROA, dose, and other factors.

    With insufflation the effects are more abrupt and intense but have a significantly shorter duration, while oral usage results in a milder, longer experience. When insufflated, the onset happens very rapidly, usually reaching the peak at about 20–40 minutes plateauing for 2–3 hours. 2C-B is also considered one of the most painful drugs to insufflate, with users reporting intense nasal burning lasting as long as 30 minutes. The sudden intensity of the experience combined with the pain can often start the experience with a negative imprint and nausea is also increased with insufflation, compounding the issue.

    Pharmacology

    Unlike most hallucinogens, 2C-B has been shown to be a low efficacy
    or even full antagonist. This suggests that the
    is primarily responsible for mediating the effects experienced by users of 2C-B, although functional antagonism of 5-HT2Aor activation of the 5-HT2A-coupled
    pathway may also play a role. The rank order of receptor
    potency for this family of drugs is
    > 2C-B >
    >
    .

    Research suggests that 2C-B increases
    levels in the brains of rats, which may contribute to its psychoactivity.
     
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    Charles Darwin, 02.05.2014
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